NCERT 6TH CLASS SCIENCE CHAPTER SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES
INTRODUCTION
There are many instances when we notice a substance being separated from a mixture of materials. Tea leaves are separated from the liquid with a strainer, while preparing tea. Grain is separated from stalks, while harvesting. Milk or curd is churned to separate the butter.
Before we use a substance, we need to separate harmful or non-useful substances that may be mixed with it. Sometimes, we separate even useful components if we need to use them separately. The substances to be separated may be particles of different sizes or these may be solids, liquids or even gases.
METHODS OF SEPERATION
(i) Hand picking: The method of handpicking can be used for separating slightly larger sized impurities like the pieces of dirt, stone, and husk from wheat, rice or pulses. The quantity of such impurities is usually not very large. In such situations, we find that handpicking is a convenient method of separating substances.
(ii) Threshing: The process that is used to separate grain from stalks is threshing. In this process, the stalks are beaten to free the grain seeds. Sometimes, threshing is done with the help of bullocks. Machines are also used to thresh larger quantities of grain.
(iii) Winnowing: Winnowing is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air. This method Is commonly used by farmers to separate lighter husk particles from heavier seeds of
The husk particles are carried away by the wind. The seeds of grain get separated and form a heap near the platform for winnowing. The separated husk is used for many purpose such as fodder for cattle.
(iv) Sieving: In a flour mill, impurities like husk and stones are removed from wheat before grinding it. Usually, a bagful of wheat is poured on slanting sieve. Sieving
removes pieces of stones, stalk and husk that may still remain with wheat after threshing and winnowing. Similar sieves are used at construction sites to
separate pebbles and stones from sand.
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