• Girdle bones: These provide a connection between the axial skeleton and limbs. The two girdles are nam ed as pectoral and pelvic girdles, respectively.
Joints are the place of articulation between two or more bones or between a bone and a cartilage. Due to the presence of a number of joints, the movement of the
different body parts and the whole body is possible.
Types of Joints :
(i) Fixed or immovable or fibrous joint: There is no space between the bones. The attached bones are tightly held with the help of white fibrous connective tissue.
e.g., Joints of skull bones.
(ii) Slightly movable or cartilaginous joint: It is an articulation between the bones that allows very little movement. e.g., Between bones of vertebrae and pelvic girdle.
(iii) Movable joint or synovial joint: It is a joint which allows the movement of articulating bones such that they can move extensively upon each other. The space between
bones is called synovial cavity. This cavity remains filled with a viscous and slippery synovial fluid. These are of following types :
(A) Ball & socket joint : One bone forms a ball like head that fits into a socket formed in the other bone. The bone with head can move nearly in all the
directions. e.g. Shoulder JOint, hip joint.
(B) Hinge joint : This joint allows movements in one plane only. e.g. Elbow joint & knee joint.
(C) Pivot joint: This joint allows only a rotatory movement of one bone on the other stationary bone. e.g. Atlas and axis vertebrae.
(D) Angular joint I Ellipsoid I CondylOid joint - This allows movement in two directions -side to side and back & forth . e.g. Wrist joint.
(E) Gliding Joint: This joint permits sliding movement of two bones over each other, e.g. Carpal in wrist and tarsals in ankle .
MUSCLE BONE RELATION
Movement of organs and different parts of the body are brought about by the contraction of skeletal muscles inserted into the articulating bones.
(a) Movement In Amoeba : Amoeba is an unicellular organism which can move with pseudopodia (false feet).
(b) Movement In Earthworm:
(c) Movement In Snail :
(d ) Movement In Cockroach :
(i) walking muscles -muscles attach to legs.
(ii) flying muscles -thorax muscles attach to wings.
(e) Move ment In Fish:
(f) Movement In Snake:
(g) Movement In Birds:
Some Important Terminologies
• Skeletal system: The hard parts of an animal body present inside or outside the body collectively form the skeletal system.
Q.1 Define movement .
Q.2 Name various parts of axial skeleton.
Q.3 What are jOints? Describe the types of joints.
Q.4 Describe the movement in birds and how it is differ from insect flight.
Q.5 How can fish swim in water?
Q.1 Number of bones present in vertebral column in human :
(A) 26 (B) 36 (C) 33 (D) 29
Q.2 Joint which allows movements only in one plane is known as
(A) Ball & socket joint (B) Gliding joint
(C) Pivot joint (D) Hinge joint
Q.3 Tissue which connect bone to muscle is known as
(A) Muscle (B) Ligament (C) Tendon (D) Neuron
Q.4 Appendicular skeleton is made up of
(A) Girdles (B) Hind limb bones (C) Fore limb bones (D) All
Q.5 Fixed or immovable joints is present in
(A) vertebrae (B) shoulder joint (C) skull bones (D) knee joint
Q.6 Which can do skeletal &muscular movement both?
(A) Earthworm (B) Snail (C) Fish (D) Cockroach
Q.7 Total number of ribs in human body
(A) 10 pairs (B) 11 pairs (C) 12 pairs (D) 13 pairs
Q.8 Wings are modified
(A) Limbs (B) Forelimbs (C) Hind limbs (D) None of these
Q.9 Pectoral girdle is present in
(A) Hand (B) Shoulder (C) waist (D) Leg
Q.10 Which one of the following type of joint is present in our neck?
(A) Ball & Socket (B) Hinge (C) Fixed (D) Pivot
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D
5. C 6. C 7. C 8. B
9. B 10. D
1. Skull of Man is :-
(A) Mono condylic (B) Di condylic
(C) Tricondylic (D) Tetra condylic
2. In camel number of cervical vertebra is :-
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
3. In human joint between bones of skull is :-
(A) Fibrous joint (B) Hinge joint
(C) Synovial joint (D) None
4. Smallest bone in Man is ;-
(A) Nasal (B) Patella
(C) Stapes (D) Palatine
5. Os Innominatum consist of :-
(A) Pubis (B) Ischium
(C) Ilium (D) All of the above
6. Total number bone in Appendicular skeleton of human :-
(A) 126 (B) 80
(C) 44 (D) 33
7. Longest bone of human skeleton :-
(A) Femur (B) Humerus
(C) Tibia (D) Radius
8. Elbow joint is :-
(A) Ball & socket (B) Pivot
(C) Gliding (D) Hinge
9. Total number of skull skeleton bones in human :-
(A) 29 (B) 49
(C) 39 (D) 19
10. Number of floating ribs in human :-
(A) 6 pairs (B) 5 pairs
(C) 3 pairs (D) 2 pairs
11. Single bone of lower jaw in human is :-
(A) Maxilla (B) Mandible
(C) Squamosal (D) Pterygoid
12. Largest mammlian vertebra is :-
(A) Thoracic (B) Sacral
(C) Lumbar (D) Cervical
13. Deltoid Ridge. is found in which one of following bone :-
(A) Radius (B) Ulna
(C) Humerus (D) Femur
14. Talus, calcaneum are found in :-
(A) Hind limb of frog
(B) Hind limb of Human
(C) Fore limb of man
(D) Fore limb of rabbit
15. Digital formula of Hand of Human is :-
(A) 23333 (B) 03322
(C) 33332 (D) 02233
16. Digital formula of foot of Human is :-
(A) 03332 (B) 03333
(C) 03322 (D) 23333
17. Heaviest vertebra in man is ;-
(A) Atlas (B) Axis
(C) Lumbar (D) Thoracic
18. Joint between Incus & stapes is :-
(A) Ball & socket joint (B) Hinge joint
(C) Pivot joint (D) Gliding joint
19. Joint between malleus & incus is ;-
(A) Gliding joint
(B) Ball & socket joint
(C) Pivot joint (D) Hinge joint
20. Axis vertebra identified by :-
(A) Olecranon process (B) Odontoblast
(C) Odontoid process (D) None
21. A joint between humerus and radio Ulna ;-
(A) Ball & socket (B) Pivot
(C) Gliding (D) Hinge
22. Total number of vertebra in Man ;-
(A) 30 (B) 33 (C) 40 (D) 35
23. In Human, the jaw suspensorium is :-
(A) Auto stylic (B) Amphi stylic
(C) Cranio stylic (D) Hyostylic
24. Olecranon process is found in which bone
(A) Proximal end of Ulna
(B) Distal end of Ulna
(C) Proximal end of Humerus
(D) Proximal end of Humerus
25. Bony sockets of jaws in which the teeth are implanted are known as :-
(A) Alveoli (B) Fossae
(C) Dentaries (D) Thecae
26. Sacrum in Human is formed by fusion of :-
(A) 3 vertebrae (B) 5 vertebrae
(C) 8 vertebrae (D) 6 vertebrae
27. Cervical vertebrae are characterized by the presence of :-
(A) Long neural spine
(B) Odontoid process
(C) Vertebro- arterial- canals
(D) Flat centrum
28. Biggest cartilage of larynx of human is :-
(A) Arytenoid cartilage (B) Cricoid cartilage
(C) Thyroid cartilage
(D) Tracheal cartilage
29. Spinal cord passes to brain through :-
(A) Foramen of monro
(B) Foramen of magendie
(C) Foramen of ovale
(D) Foramen of Magnum
30. Which of following helps in rotation of the neck :-
(A) Atlas (B) Axis
(C) Cervical
(D) Occipital condyle of skull
31. Stapes is modification of:-
(A) Hyomandibular (B) Palatine
(C) Quadrate (D) Squamosal
32. 5 Pairs of false ribs present in:-
(A) Man (B) Rabbit
(C) Frog (D) None
33. True rib are 7 pairs in:-
(A) Rabbit (B) Man (C) Both (D) None
34. Saddle joint is present in:-
(A) Human (B) Rabbit
(C) Both (D) Frog
35. Presence of obturator foramen feature of:-
(A) Frog (B) Cockroch
(C) Rabbit (D) None
36. Part of pectoral girdle is:-
(A) Ileum (B) Glenoid cavity
(C) Acetabulum (D) Sternum
37. Humerus is different from femur by presence of:-
(A) Spines (B) Deltoid Ridge
(C) Glenoid cavity (D) Carpals
38. Scapula part of:-
(A) Skull (B) Pelvic Gridle
(C) Pectoral Girdle (D) Vertebral column
39. Obturator foramen present between:-
(A) Ilium & Ischium (B) Ischium & Pubis
(C) Ilium & pubis (D) None
40. Long neck of Girraffe or camel due to:-
(A) More number of cervical vertebra
(B) More length of cervical vertebra
(C) Presence of pads between cervical vertebra
(D) Presence of extra bony plates
41. Number of tarsal bone in Human in each hind limb
(A) 2 (B) 7 (C) 6 (D) 5
42. Sacro-iliac joint is:-
(A) Movable (B) Immovable
(C) Imperfect (D) None
43. Trochlea of which bone fit in trochlear notch of ulna:-
(A) Humerus (B) Radius
(C) Femur (D) Scaphoid
44. Shoulder joint present between:-
(A) Glenoid cavity of pectoral girdle & head of humerus
(B) Coronoid process of pectoral girdle & head of humerus
(C) Sigmoid notch and olecronon process of ulna
(D) Sigmoid notch and Trochlea of humerus
45. Typical vertebra of Human is:-
(A) Acoelous (B) Procoelous
(C) Amphi coelous (D) Amphi platyan
46. Feature of vertebra of mammals:-
(A) Centrum is amphi platyan
(B) Epiphysis present
(C) Inter vertebral disc present between two bone
(D) All the above
47. Demifacets present at:-
(A) Thoracic vertebra
(B) Lumbar vertebra
(C) Sacral vertebra
(D) Cervical vertebra except C7
48. Vertebrochondral rib in man are :-
(A) 8th , 9th & 10th rib (B) 7th , 8th , 9th rib
(C) 9th , 10th & 11th rib (D) 6th , 7th & 8th rib
49. Incisor present in which bone in human :-
(A) Premaxilla (B) Maxilla
(C) Palatine (D) None
50. Cheek teeth present on which bone in human
(A) Premaxilla (B) Maxilla
(C) Palatine (D) None
51. Hinge joint is:-
(A) Elbowjoint (B) Ankle joint
(C) Inter phalangeal joint
(D) All
52. Pivot joint:-
(A) Atlanto . Axial joint (B) Shoulder joint
(C) Hip joint (D) None
53. Study of joints known as:-
(A) Osteology (B) Arthrology
(C) Craniology (D) Kinesiology
54. Largest forman of human body is:-
(A) Foramen ovale
(B) Foramen of magendie
(C) Foramen of magnum
(D) Foramen of monro
55. Total number of bone of human face:-
(A) 10 (B) 12
(C) 14 (D) 16
56. Which one is bone of fore limb :
(A) Humerus (B) Femur
(C) Tibia (D) Fibula
57. A cup shaped cavity for articulation of femur head is :
(A) Acetabulum (B) Glenoid cavity
(C) Sigmoid notch (D) Obturator foramen
58. Friction is lessened in ball-and -socket joint by :
(A) Coelomic fluid (B) Synovial fluid
(C) Pericardial fluid (D) Mucin
59. Arytenoid cartilages occur in :
(A) Nose (B) Hyoid
(C) Stenum (D) Larynx
60. Which opening does not occur in a pair in bones of human?
(A) Obturator foramen
(B) Foramen magnum
(C) Foramen ovalis
(D) Fenestra rotundus
61. Number of bones pesent in human cranium is :
(A) 8 (B) 10
(C) 12 (D) 16
62. The total number of ribs in human body is :
(A) 10 (B) 12
(C) 24 (D) 36
63. Number of bones present in forelimb of human
(A) 30 (B) 32 (C) 35 (D) 40
64. Patellar groove is found on which bone :
(A) Femur (B) Tibio-fibula
(C) Depression between femur and tibio-fibula
(D) Tarsus
65. Greater trochanter occurs in :
(A) Humerus (B) Radius
(C) Ulna (D) Femur
66. Sella turcica is :
(A) Depression of long bone
(B) Ridge over a bone
(C) Depression in the skull in the area of putuitary gland
(D) Ridge in the skull over the area of pituitary gland
67. Ribs are attached to :
(A) Scapula (B) Sternum
(C) Clavicle (D) Ilium
68. In humans, coccyx is formed by the fusion of vertebrae :
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D) 6
69. Vertebro-arterial canal occurs in :
(A) Cervical vertebrae (B) Lumbar vertebae
(C) Thoracis vertrae (D) Sacral vertebrae
70. Which vertebra has the odontoid process :
(A) 7th vertebra of Frog
(B) Second vertebra of Frog
(C) Second cervical vertebra of mammal
(D) Second thoracic vertebra of mammal
71. In human beings, the second cervical vertebra helps in rotatory movements of head through knob-like process called :
(A) Prezygapohysis (B) Postzygapolysis
(C) Postzygapohysis (D) Odontoid process
72. Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle and limb bones constitute :
(A) Visceral skeleton (B) Outer skeleton
(C) Axial skeleton
(D) Appendicular skeleton
73. Ilium is part of :
(A) Small intestine (B) Pectoral girdle
(C) Pulmonary tract (D) Pelvic girdle
74. Glenoid cacity is found in :
(A) Pelvic girdle (B) Skull
(C) Pectoral girdle (D) Sternum
75. Joint between bones of human skull is :
(A) Hinge joint (B) Synovial joint
(C) Cartilaginous joint (D) Fibrous joint
76. Acromion process is part of
(A) Vertebral column (B) Pelvic girdle
(C) Femur (D) Pectoral girdle
77. Head of humerus is articulated with pectoral girdle by a joint :
(A) Hinge (B) Ball and socket
(C) Immovable (D) Pivot joint
78. Sesamoid bone is derived from :
(A) Cartilage (B) Areolar tissue
(C) Tendon (D) Ligament
79. Surface for attachment of tongue is
(A) Palatine (B) Sphenoid
(C) Pterygiod (D) Hyoid apparatus
80. Inter-articular disc occurs in :
(A) Wall of heart (B) Wall of liver
(C) Pubic symphysis (D) In between two vertebrae
81. Pelvic girdle consists of :
(A) Ilium
(B) Ilium and ischium
(C) Ilium, ischium and pubis
(D) Ischium and pubis
82. Joint between atlas and axis is :
(A) Pivot joint (B) Saddle joint
(C) Angular joint (D) Hinge joint
83. Coracoid is component of :
(A) Fore limb (B) Skull
(C) Scapula (D) Pelvic girdle
84. Olecranon process occurs in :
(A) Femur (B) Radius
(C) Humerus (D) Ulna
85. Sutural joints are present between :
(A) Thumb and metatarsal
(B) Humerus and radio-ulna
(C) Parietals of skull
(D) Glenoid cavity and pectoral girdle
86. Joint of sternum and ribs is :
(A) Cartilaginous (B) Fibrous joint
(C) Angular joint (D) Hinge joint
87. Coccygeal bone occurs in :
(A) Skull (B) Pectoral girdle
(C) Vertebral column (D) Pelvic girdle
88. Synovial fluid is present in
(A) Spinal cavity (B) Cranial cavity
(C) Freely movable joints
(D) Fixed joints
89. Zygomatic is part of :
(A) Pelvic girdle (B) Skull
(C) Pectoral girdle (D) Vertebral column
90. Synovial fluid is secreted by :
(A) Blood (B) Cartilage
(C) Bone
(D) Synovial membrane
91. Ilium of pelvic girdle is articulated with sacrum for :
(A) Bending (B) Jumping
(C) Support (D) Running
92. Which one is a ball and socket joint :
(A) Knee joint (B) Elbow joint
(C) Humerus and pectoral girdle
(D) Skull and atlas
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. B 41. B 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. A 58. B 59. D 60. B 61. A 62. C 63. A 64. A 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. B 69. A 70. C 71. D 72. D 73. D 74. C 75. D 76. D 77. B 78. C 79. D 80. D 81. C 82. A 83. C 84. D 85. C 86. A 87. C 88. C 89. B 90. D 91. C 92. C