14. Non-Verbal Reasoning
14.1 Non Verbal Series Test
14.2 Non Verbal Analogy Test
14.3 Non Verbal Classification
14.4 Figure Based on Matrix
14.5 Embeded Figures
14.6 Classification of Figures into Groups
14.7 Missing Part of the Figure
14.8 Paper Folding and Cutting Type Test
14.1 non verbal series test
In this type of questions, there are two sets of figures. One set is called ‘Problem figures’, while the other as ‘Answer Figures’. Problem figures are first and five in number. Answer figures are after and five in number. They are indicated by A, B, C, D, and E. The five problem figures make a series. That means they change from left to right in a specific order. The question is, if the figures continue to change in the same order, what should the seixth figure be. The candidate has to find out which one of the answer figures provides the answer.
Under this test some important facts about ‘Revolution method’, is necessary to know.
Any design may shift only in two directions.
(I)
From fig. (1) to (2) the arrow is shifting half side in clockwise direction or from fig. (1) to (2) the arrow is shifting sides in anticlockwise direction.
(II)
From fig. (1) to (2) the arrow is shifting one side in clockwise direction or, the arrow is shifting 3 sides in anticlockwise direction.
(III)
From fig.(1) to (2) the arrow is shifting side in clockwise direction or the arrow is shifting sides in anticlockwise direction.
(IV)
From fig. (1) to (2) the arrow has shifted half side above from the centre after moving through 45º clockwise.
(V)
From fig. (1) to (2) the arrow has shifted half side above from the centre after moving through 90º clockwise.
(VI)
From fig. (1) to (2) the arrow has shifted half side above from the centre after moving through 135º clockwise.
(VII)
From fig.(1) to (2) the arrow has shifted half side above from the centre after moving through 180º.
(VIII)
From fig.(1) to (2) the arrow has shifted half side above from the centre after moving through 45º anticlockwise.
Some examples are given below.
Illustration 1
Problem Figures Answer Figures
Solution
(D) In each subsequent figure the designs are shifting in a specific order clockwise –
Illustration 2
Solution
(C) In each subsequent figure the designs are shifting in a specific order –
Illustration 3
Solution
(A) In each subsequent figure the designs are shifting in a specific order.
Illustration 4
Solution
(D) In each subsequent figure the designs are shifting in a specific order.
Illustration 5
Solution
(C) From fig. (1) to (2) the lower right design takes a new shape while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position anticlockwise. From fig. (2) to (3) the upper right design takes a new shpae while each of the rest designs shifts to its next positions anticlockwise. The same change of order continues.
Illustration 6
Solution
(C)– From fig. (1) to (2) the upper left design and the central design interchange their positions, while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position clockwise. But the lower left design after shifting to upper rigth position takes a new shape. From fig.(2) to (3) the lwer left design and the central design interchange their position while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position clockwise. But the lower right after shifting to upper left position takes a new shape. The same change of order continues.
Illustration 7
Solution
(C)– From fig. (1) to (2) the upper right and lower left designs inter change their positions while each of the rest designs shift to its next position diagonally. From fig. (2) to (3) the upper left and lower right designs interchange their positions while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position diagonally upward. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 8
Solution
(B)– 1From fig. (1) to (2) the lower right and upper left designs interchange their positions while the lower right design takes a new shape after shifting to upper left. Besides each of the rest designs shifts to its. next position diagonally downward. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 9
Solution
From fig. (1) to 92) the designs are shifting in a specific order. From fig. (2) to (3) the designs are shifting in other way The same order of change continues.
Illustration 10
Solution
(D)– From fig. (1) to (2) the lower left and upper right designs interchange their positions while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position diagonally upward. From fig. (2) to (3) the lower right and upper left designs interchange their positions while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position diagonally upward. The order of change continues.
Illustration 11
Solution
(C)– From fig. (1) to (2) the upper left and upper right designs interchange their positions while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position clockwise. From fig, (2) to (3) the upper right and lower right designs interchange their positions while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position clockwise. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 12
Solution
(B)– From fig. (1) to (2) (he upper left and lower left designs interchange their positions while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position anticlockwise. From fig. (2) to (3) the lower left and lower right designs interchange their positions while each of the rest designs shifts to its next position anticlockwise. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 13
Solution
(B)– From fig. (1) to (2) the upper right and the lower left designs are interchanging their positions and the lower right and central designs are also interchanging their positions but the upper left design takes a new shape at its own place. From fig. (2) to (3) the upper left and lower right designs interchange their positions and the upper right design and the central design also interchange their positions but the lower left design takes a new shape at its own place. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 14
Solution
(B)– From fig. (1) to (2) the design ‘=’ shifts to its next position anticlockwise while the other design takes a new shape at its own place. From fig. (2) to (3) the design ‘+’ shifts to its next position anticlockwise while the other design takes a new shape at its own place. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 15
Solution
(E)– From fig. (1) to (2) the small circle is shifting to its next position anticlockwise while the other design takes a new shape at its own place. From fig. (2) to (3) ‘+’ shifts to its next positions anticlockwise while the other design takes a new shape at its own place. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 16
Solution
(C)– From fig. (1) to (2) the design ‘’ is shifting to its next position clockwise while the other design ‘D’ takes a new shape at its own place. From fig. (2) to (3) the design ‘’ shifts to its next position in the same direction but the other design ‘’ takes a new shape at its own place. The same order of change continues.
Illustration 17
Solution
From fig.(1) to (2) the design ‘’ is shifting to its next position clockwise while the other design ‘’ takes a new shape at its own place. From fig. (2) to (3) the design ‘*’ shifts to its next positino clockwise while the other design ‘’ takes a new shape at its own place. The same order of change continues.
14.2 non verbal analogy test
In this type of test there are two sets of figures. The figuresonthe left are ‘Problem Figures’ and those on the right are ‘Answer Figures.’ The problem figures are presented in two units. The first unit contains two figures and the second unit contains one figure and a question mark in place of the fourth figure. There is some relationship in the two figures of first unit of the problem figures. The same relationship also exists between the two figures of the second unit of the problem figures. The candidate has to findout which one of the answer figures should be in place of question mark.
Illustration 18
Solution
When the problem figure (1) is rotated thourgh 90º clockwise, the problem (2) is obtained. Therefore when problem figure (3) will be rotated through 90º, the design so obtained will replace the question mark. Such figure in answer figures is (C). Hence (C) is the correct answer.
Illustration 19
Solution
From problem figure (1) to (2) two lines are decreased in design. Beside the vertex of the design so obtained is vertically upward. Therefore from P.F. (3) to (4) two lines should be decreased in the design and the vertex should be vertically upward. Such figure in answer figures is (B). Hence (B) is the correct answer.
Illustration 20
Solution
From problem figure (1) to (20 the horizontal line moves through 45º anticlockwise and the designs attached to the ends of this line interchange their positions while black design is blackened and viceversa. Besides, the two designs attached to the ends of the vertical line also interchange their positions with one design reversed.
Illustration 21
Solution
From problem figure (1) to (2) the design are changing as shown–
Hence N shows new design.
14.3 non verbal classification
In this type of test the problem figures themselves are also the answer figures. Out of the five figures A, B, C, D and E, four are similar in a certain way. One figure is not like the other four. This means four figures belong to one class. The question is, which one of the figures does not belong to this class. The candidate has to find it.
Illustration 22
Solution
Only in figure (A) one black design is touching the other black design while in other figures no black design is touching the other black desig. Hence figure (A) is odd.
Illustration 23
Solution
In all the other designs there are only two white leaves in clockwise direction of two black leaves but in (C) there are three white leaves. Hence the figure (D) is different from the rest.
Illustration 24
Solution
In all the other figures the upper dashes attached to the vertical line are towards the left to the vertical line and lower dashes are towards right to the vertical line but it is not so in figure (E). Hence it if an odd figure.
Illustration 25
Solution
In all the other figures the upper dashes attached to the vertical line are towards the left to the vertical line and lower dashes are towards right to the vertical line but it is not so in figure (E). Hence it is an odd figure.
Illustration 26
Solution
In all the other figures two dashes which facing in the same direction, are facing anticlocking wise but it is not so in (B). Hence it is an odd figure.
Illustration 27
Solution
In all the other figures the number of inner design is double of outer designs but in (C) it is not so. Hence (C) is the answer.
Illustration 28
Solution
In all the rest figures all the three designs of each are same but in figure (E) two are same and third is different. Hence figure (E) is different from other four.
14.4 figure based on matrix
In this type of test some figures are given a matrix and one place is left blank in which a sign of question mark is made. There figures in the matrix are made according to some rule. The matrix is followed by four answer figures. One of the answer figures is to replace the question mark. The candidate has to find out the correct answer figure.
Illustration 29
Solution
(D)– In first row the arrows are 3, 5 and 4 respectively. The directions of arrows in first and third columns are same in each row. In second row the arrows are 4, 5, and 3 respectively. The number of arrows in first row and third column is same as that of second row and first column. Similarly the number of arrows in second row and third column is same as that of third row and first column. On considering these rules we find that the answer figure (1) will replace the question mark.
14.5 embeded figures
In this type of test one sample figure is given. This is followed by ibur alternatives (A), (B), (C), & (D). The candidate has to find in which of the alternatives the given sample figure is embeded.
Illustration 30
Solution
(D)– The given sample figure is embeded in alternative (D). Its two different forms are shown below.
Illustration 31
Solution
(C)– The given sample figure is embeded in alternative (C). It is shown below in bold lines.
Illustration 32
There is a sample figure which is followed by four answer figures. In sample figure four designs are given. One of the answer figures is cut into pieces which arc shown in the form of designs in sample figure. You have to find out one of the answer figures of which given pieces have been cut.
Solution
(B)– If the designs of the sample figure are joined in the way shown below, the figure is obtained. Therefore, the correct answer is (B).
Illustration 33
There is a sample figure which is followed by four alternative figures. In sample figure there are some designs and all these designs are present in one of the alternative figures. You have to find out one of the answer figures which contains all the designs of sample figure.
Solution
(C)– If we examine carefully all the four answer figures, we notice that all the designs of the sample figure are present in answer figure (C) in normal state.
14.6 classification of figures into groups
In this type of test 6 or 9 figures are given. These figures are classified into three groups on the basis of similarity of their qualities. The candidate has to find under which rule these figures are classified.
Illustration 34
A number of figures is given below. These can be grouped into classes. Select from amongst the alternatives, one set of groups into which the figures can be classified.
Solution
(A)– Figures (1) and (5) are made of only curved lines. Figures (2) and (4) are different designs made of straight lines while in the formation of figures (3) and (6) both types of lines i.e. straight lines and curved lines are used. Due to this reason they have been classified into different three groups.
14.7 Missing part of the figure
In this type of test one problem figure is given at the left while four answer figures are given at the right. In the problem figure one part is missing which is denoted by a question mark. This missing part is in one of the answer figures. The candidates has to find out that answer figure which if is placed at the missing part without any change in direction to complete the problem figure.
Illustration 35
Find out the answer figure which is placed at the missing part of the problem figure, will complete it.
Solution
\ (B)
14.8 paper folding and cutting type test
In this type of questions a sheet of paper is shown in first figure. In second Figure it is shown by holding in two parts. The part which is covered on other by folding is shown by dotted lines. In third figure it is again folded in two parts and some of its part is cut according to the diagram. Then after opening the diagram so obtained is one of the four alternatives given below. The candidate has to find which one of the alternatives is the correct answer.
Illustration 36
In the question a paper sheet is folded and cut according to given diagrams, then after opening the diagram so obtained is given in one of the four alternatives. Find out the correct answer.
Solution
\ (A)
Illustration 37
In the question a problem figure is followed by four answer figures. One of answer figure is folded in a certain way and punched. After this, it so opened. The diagram so obtained is same as in the problem figure. Find out the answer figure which so folded and punched.
Solution
\ (C)
Illustration 38
A paper sheet is folded and cut according to the given diagrams, then after opening, the diagram so obtained is in one of the following four alternatives. Find out the correct alternative.
Solution
\ (A)
Illustration 39
A problem figure is followed by four alternative answers. One of the answer figures is folded in a certain way and punched. After this, it is opened. The diagram so obtained is same as in the problem figure. Find oui the answer figure which is so folded and punched.
Solution
\ (A)
*****
EXERCISE-I
Directions: In each of the folloing questions given below shich of the five answer figures on the right should be sixth figure on the left, if the sequence continues?
Problems Figures Answer Figures
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EXERCISE-II
Directions:– In each of the following questions, the second figure in the first unit of the problem figures bears a certain relationship to the first figure. Similarly one of the answer figures bears the same relationship to the first figure of the second unit of the problem figures. You are therefore to locate teh figure which would fit the question mark.
Problem Figure Answer Figure
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EXERCISE-III
Directions: – (Question 1 to 10) In each of the following questions, there are five figures. Four of them are similar in a certain way but one is not like the other four. Find out which one of the figures is different from the others.
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EXERCISE-IV
Directions: In each question form 1 to 10 find out the answer figure which will replace the question mark.
Problem Figure Answer Figure
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EXERCISE-V
Directions—In each of the questions from 1 to 26 one sample figure is given. This is followed by four answer figures (A), (B), (C), & (D). You have to find in which of the answer figures, the given sample figure is embeded.
Problem Figure Answer Figure
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EXERCISE-VI
Directions: In each of the questions from (1) to (5) a number of figures are given. There are grouped into three classes. Find the best classification.
Problem Figure Answer Figure
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EXERCISE-VII
Directions: (from question 1 to 10) In each of the following questions a problem is given which is followed by four answer figures. In problem figure one part is missing which is denoted by a question mark. This missing is in one of the answer figure. You have to find out the answer figure.
Problem Figure Answer Figure
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EXERCISE-VIII
Directions: A trianglar sheet of paper is folded in a certain way and then it is punched. After this it is opened. The diagram so obtained is same as in the problem figure. Find out the answer figure which is so folded and punched.
Problem Figure Answer Figure
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EXERCISE-IX
Directions: A sheet of paper is folded and punched according to given diagrams, then after opening the diagram so obtained is given in one of the four answer figures. Find out the correct answer figure.
Problem Figure Answer Figure
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Answers
Exercise-I
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (C)
6. (A) 7. (E) 8. (E) 9. (A) 10. (D)
11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (E) 15. (C)
16. (B) 17. (D) 18. (B) 19. (B) 20. (E)
Exercise-II
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (E) 5. (D)
6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (E) 9. (A) 10. (D)
Exercise-III
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (E) 4. (D) 5. (B)
6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (E) 9. (D) 10. (B)
Exercise-IV
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (A)
6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (D)
Exercise-V
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (D)
Exercise-VI
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D)
Exercise-VII
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (D)
6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (B)
Exercise-VIII
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (D)
Exercise-IX
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (B)
6. (D) 7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (B)